Another of the most representative characteristics of club mosses is that they are homosporic. This means that their sex spores do not differ morphologically.These plants are generally found in both temperate and tropical zones. Although it is not unreasonable to find them in alpine areas both in the north and in the south of the planet and even in some mountainous areas of the tropics.

The spores produced by club mosses are small and have a very thin cell wall. In addition, they are usually yellowish in color due to the low presence of chlorophyll.The roots branch dichotomously and are adventitious (they do not originate from the embryo). In plants that are erect, they originate at the apex of the stem and grow until they emerge at the base. Creeping plant roots are produced directly toward the base of the stem.The leaves of the clubmoss, less than 1 cm long and oval in shape, are characterized by being of the microphilic type. These are small leaves that have a vascular system, xylem and phloem, which does not branch.They can reach up to 30 cm in height and are considered herbaceous for the most part, although there are shrub, climbing and even creeping species.One of their main characteristics is that they have tracheids, which they use to conduct water. This is one of the most primitive vascular systems that are still preserved today within the plant kingdom.Club mosses are one of the oldest vascular plants on our planet.

These are the main characteristics of club mosses :

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